Ruble payments to an Armenian entity
An Armenian sole entrepreneur or LLC accepts ruble payments from Russian customers — via bank transfer, a payment provider, or another channel. How to issue an Armenian fiscal receipt lawfully and which rate converts to drams.
Short answer
Tax Code Article 16 contains no fallback rule for non-business days, and the CBA does not publish a rate on Saturday, Sunday or a public holiday. In practice the most recently published rate is applied — typically Friday's rate or the rate from the previous business day. Store the rate date separately from the receipt date.
Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Law on Currency Regulation requires that prices for goods and services be quoted in drams. The foreign-currency carve-out (paragraph 7) only covers contracts between a resident and a non-resident legal person or sole entrepreneur and does not extend to retail sales to a non-resident individual.
Sources: S5
Scenario answers
Below is the working policy for ruble payments fiscalised through the Armenian SRC/VCR — not abstract currency theory.
| Question | Answer | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Can the Armenian receipt be in rubles? | There is no direct "AMD only" rule. Government Decision 1976-Ν lists "amounts" (գումար) as mandatory receipt fields without a currency label. But the tax base (Article 16) and tax payments (Article 18) live in drams, and the SRC e-HDM schema validates only AMD numeric fields. Practical answer: the receipt is in AMD. | S1S2S3S4 |
| Which date is used for the rate? | The date of the Armenian settlement document (e-HDM receipt), using the CBA average market rate announced "by 16:00 of the given day" (Tax Code Article 16, paragraph 2). Internally, store the source RUB amount, the rate used, the rate date, the source of the rate, and the payment identifier. | S1S6 |
| What if the settlement document is issued on a weekend or public holiday? | Tax Code Article 16 says "as of 16:00 of the given day" but does not address the case where the CBA does not publish a rate on that day. The code has no explicit non-business-day rule, and no public SRC clarification or Armenian accountant Q&A discussion of this exact scenario surfaces in open sources. The only sensible technical option is to apply the most recently published CBA rate (typically Friday's rate or the rate from the previous business day) and store the rate date separately from the receipt date. For material amounts with audit risk, send a written inquiry to the SRC via src.am. | S1S6 |
| Can the price be shown to the customer in rubles? | Article 6, paragraph 1 of the Law on Currency Regulation requires that prices of goods and services be quoted in drams. Paragraph 7 allows foreign currency in a contract between a resident and a non-resident legal person/sole entrepreneur; this carve-out does not cover retail sale to a non-resident individual. For a Russian individual buyer the price must formally be in drams; a RUB equivalent next to the dram price is admissible as a conversion display. | S5 |
| How do refunds work? | A full refund is issued as a refund e-HDM receipt for the full AMD amount of the original receipt. A partial refund is a refund receipt for the AMD amount on the corresponding lines of the original. YooKassa refunds the customer in rubles, while the SRC-side refund is recorded in drams: the difference between the two is an FX delta and does not affect the correctness of the operation. | S1S6 |
RUB to AMD conversion policy
Use the same policy for every payment so that the accountant, the tax inspector, and the developer see the same chain.
- 1Record the source payment amount in RUB, the payment currency, and the date of the Armenian settlement document. S1
- 2Take the CBA average market rate for RUB on the date of the Armenian settlement document, announced as of 16:00. S1S6
- 3Calculate AMD = RUB amount × CBA RUB/AMD rate, rounded to two decimals with the same rule used for SRC amounts. S1S2
- 4Create a sale in VCR with payment source "non-cash" for the calculated AMD amount. S3S4
- 5In your accounting, store the RUB amount, the CBA rate used, the rate date, the source of the rate, and the payment identifier. S1S6
Who regulates what
Three parties participate in the Armenian fiscal layer: the SRC, the Government, and the CBA.
| Party | Scope of responsibility | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| SRC of RA (State Revenue Committee) | Fiscal receipts, tax base, control over the use of HDM/e-HDM, audits. | S1S2S3 |
| Government of RA | Technical requirements for e-HDM and mandatory fields of the electronic receipt via Decision N 1976-Ն. | S4 |
| Central Bank of RA | Currency regulation, dram quotation of prices, publication of the average market rate of the dram against foreign currencies. | S5S6 |
What to keep for inspection
The minimum audit trail for each order must explain why exactly that AMD amount was sent to the SRC.
Source registry
Every conclusion above references one or more entries in this registry. Quotes are short; where the source does not say it literally, the conclusion is marked as a practical inference from the bundle of norms.
Article 16, paragraphs 1 and 2: tax bases for operations in foreign currency are recalculated to drams at the CBA average market rate on the date of the settlement document. The rate is taken as of 16:00 of that day.
Սույն հոդվածի կիրառության իմաստով, որպես տվյալ օրը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության կենտրոնական բանկի հրապարակած՝ արժութային շուկաներում ձևավորված միջին փոխարժեք, հիմք է ընդունվում Հայաստանի Հանրապետության կենտրոնական բանկի կողմից մինչև տվյալ օրվա ժամը 16:00-ն հրապարակված միջին փոխարժեքը։Translation: For the purposes of this Article, the average exchange rate announced by the Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia by 16:00 of the given day shall serve as a basis for determining the average market exchange rate.
Taxes, advances, and fines are paid to the budget in drams. This is not a rule about the receipt currency, but together with Article 16 it fixes that the resulting tax figures must be in drams.
Հարկի (այդ թվում՝ կանխավճարի), տույժի և (կամ) տուգանքի վճարումը կատարվում է վճարահաշվարկային համակարգի միջոցով, հայկական դրամով։Translation: Taxes (including advance fees), fines and/or penalties shall be paid through the payment and settlement system in the Armenian dram.
Article 380.1 paragraph 1 allows e-HDM for sales through an internet site or electronic application. Paragraph 1.1 makes e-HDM mandatory for platform passenger transport/taxi scenarios. Paragraph 4 delegates the technical requirements to the Government; this is Decision 1976-Ν. The receipt currency is not fixed in the article itself.
Կազմակերպությունների և անհատ ձեռնարկատերերի կողմից ինտերնետային կայքի կամ էլեկտրոնային հավելվածի (էլեկտրոնային առևտրային հարթակի) միջոցով ընդունվող պատվերների շրջանակներում ապրանքների մատակարարման, ծառայությունների մատուցման կամ աշխատանքների կատարման գործարքների մասով կարող է կիրառվել էլեկտրոնային հսկիչ դրամարկղային մեքենա։Translation: For organisations and sole entrepreneurs, an electronic cash register machine may be applied in respect of transactions involving the supply of goods, provision of services or performance of works within orders accepted through an internet site or electronic application (electronic trading platform).
Subordinate act listing the mandatory fields of an e-HDM receipt (Appendix N 7, section 2). Amount fields are described as "գումար" (amount) with no currency label. There is no "the receipt must be in drams" rule in 1976-Ν; AMD comes from the bundle of Tax Code Articles 16 + 18 and the SRC schema. Foreign currency is not mentioned in 1976-Ն.
11) վճարման ենթակա գումարները՝ ըստ բաժինների. 12) ընդհանուր գումարը՝ ներառյալ ԱԱՀ-ն, եթե գործարքն իրականացնողը ԱԱՀ վճարող է, և գործարքը ենթակա է ԱԱՀ-ով հարկման, բացառությամբ «կանխավճար» գրառում ունեցող էլեկտրոնային կտրոնների. 13) ԱԱՀ-ի գումարը, եթե գործարքն իրականացնողը ԱԱՀ վճարող է, և գործարքը ենթակա է ԱԱՀ-ով հարկման, բացառությամբ «կանխավճար» գրառում ունեցող էլեկտրոնային կտրոնների.Translation: 11) amounts payable, by section; 12) total amount including VAT, if the operator is a VAT payer and the transaction is subject to VAT, except for electronic receipts marked "advance"; 13) VAT amount, if the operator is a VAT payer and the transaction is subject to VAT, except for electronic receipts marked "advance".
Regulates currency quotations of prices, not the payment itself. Paragraph 7 allows expressing a price in foreign currency between a resident and a non-resident legal person/sole entrepreneur, but does not cover retail sale to a non-resident individual. The price for a Russian individual buyer must formally be in drams.
Հայաստանի Հանրապետության տարածքում ապրանքների (գույքի) իրացման, ծառայությունների մատուցման, աշխատավարձի և դրան հավասարեցված այլ վճարների վճարումների, գույքի գնահատման և աշխատանքների կատարման, գույքի օգտագործման դրամական (փողային) գնանշումներն իրականացվում են Հայաստանի Հանրապետության դրամով, բացառությամբ սույն օրենքով նախատեսված դեպքերի։ […] Անկանխիկ վճարումներ նախատեսող և գրավոր ձևով կնքված պայմանագրերում գնանշումները կարող են կատարվել արտարժույթով, եթե այդ պայմանագրերը կնքվել են իրավաբանական անձ կամ անհատ ձեռնարկատեր հանդիսացող ռեզիդենտի և իրավաբանական անձ կամ անհատ ձեռնարկատեր հանդիսացող ոչ ռեզիդենտի միջև։Translation: On the territory of the Republic of Armenia, monetary quotations of prices for sale of goods (property), provision of services, payment of wages and other equivalent payments, valuation of property, performance of works and use of property shall be carried out in Armenian drams, except in cases provided by this law. […] Price quotations in contracts providing for non-cash payments and concluded in writing may be carried out in foreign currency if such contracts are signed between a resident legal person or sole entrepreneur and a non-resident legal person or sole entrepreneur.
Operational source for RUB/AMD on the date of the receipt. The archive supports filtering by date and currency. The CBA publishes a single average market rate; there is no separate "indicative" rate for tax purposes.
The average exchange rate of the Armenian dram against the US dollar is calculated based on purchase and sale transactions carried out in the Armenian foreign exchange market. Average exchange rates for other currencies and precious metals are calculated as cross-rates.